Lot no. 56
Paul Klee (1879-1940), Marionette: Der Wirt , 1933, chalk on paper prepared on board, signed, 33x21 cm
Provenance: Paul Klee, (1933-'), Fritz Beindorff, Hanover, (1933-1934), loan of Klee's work to Beindorff for the Deutsche Mappe, Alex Vömel, Düsseldorf, (1934-'), Galerie Simon (Daniel-Henry Kahnwe§iler), Paris, ('-1937), Buchholz Gallery (Curt Valentin), New York, (1937-1938), Karl Nierendorf, Cologne/Berlin/New York, (1938-'), no. 341, Israël Ber Neumann (Graphisches Kabinett, New Art Circle, Neumann Gallery), Berlin/New York, Herbert Ferber, New York, Galerie Beyeler, Basel, acquired from Herbert Ferber, (1973-1974), no. 7981, Private collection, Paris, acquired from Galerie Beyeler, Studio Denise Fiorani, Plaisance, (c. 1986-'), Galleria Foscherari, Bologna, Galleria d'Arte Contini, Venice, Swiss private collection
Exhibition: New York, 1938a, no. 50
Bibliography: Paul-Klee-Stiftung, Kunstmuseum Bern (ed.), Catalogue Raisonné Paul Klee, vol. 6 (1931-1933), Benteli Verlag, Bern, p. 493, no. 6504, ill.
Paul Klee (1879-1940), Marionette: Der Wirt , 1933, Kreide auf Papier, auf Karton präpariert, signiert, 33x21 cm
Provenienz: Paul Klee, (1933-'), Fritz Beindorff, Hannover, (1933-1934), Leihgabe des Werkes von Klee an Beindorff für die Deutsche Mappe, Alex Vömel, Düsseldorf, (1934-'), Galerie Simon (Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler), Paris, ('-1937), Buchholz Gallery (Curt Valentin), New York, (1937-1938), Karl Nierendorf, Köln/Berlin/New York, (1938-' ), Nr. 341, Israël Ber Neumann (Graphisches Kabinett, New Art Circle, Neumann Gallery), Berlin/New York, Herbert Ferber, New York, Galerie Beyeler, Basel, erworben von Herbert Ferber, (1973-1974), Nr. 7981, Privatsammlung, Paris, erworben von der Galerie Beyeler, Studio Denise Fiorani, Plaisance, (c. 1986-'), Galleria Foscherari, Bologna, Galleria d'Arte Contini, Venedig, Schweizer Privatsammlung.
Ausstellung: New York, 1938a, Nr. 50
Bibliography: Paul-Klee-Stiftung, Kunstmuseum Bern (Hrsg.), Catalogue Raisonné Paul Klee, Vol. 6 (1931-1933), Benteli Verlag, Bern, S. 493, Nr. 6504, Ill.
Das Jahr 1933 war geprägt von der Ernennung Adolf Hitlers zum Reichskanzler im Januar.
Dieses Ereignis war dramatisch für Klee, welcher Hitler verabscheute. For the artist began a dark period in exile: Er wurde von den Nationalsozialisten heftig angegriffen, seine Wohnung wurde durchsucht, er wurde von seiner Professur an der Kunstakademie in Düsseldorf entlassen und verlor alle seine Einkommensquellen, nachdem Alfred Flechtheim, sein Hauptgalerist, seine Galerie unter dem Druck der Nazis schließen musste. Diese bezeichneten die Kunstwerke als entartete Kunst . In Bern aufgewachsen, entschied sich Paul Klee fürs Exil in der Schweiz, wo bereits sein Vater und seine Schwester lebten. Dort verbrachte er mehr als die Hälfte seines Lebens.
Aus Protest gegen die Doktrin des "arischen Typen", die Paul Klee besonders schockierte, weigerte er sich, seine Herkunft zu belegen. Seine Antwort darauf waren mehrere Karikaturen wie von der Liste gestrichen, 1933 oder dein Ahn , anhand deren er sich selbst als eine erdige, primitive Figurte verspottete, die einer afrikanischen Maske ähnelte, um die fremde Herkunft seiner entarteten Kunst zu behaupten.
Das vorliegende Porträt mit dem Titel Marionette: Der Wirt (auf der Rückseite übersetzt the Inn Keeper ) ist in dieser kritischen und protestierenden Geisteshaltung entstanden. Die Interpretation der dargestellten Person bleibt offen. Es ist vorstellbar, dass er sich in vernichtender Weise auf die Nazis bezieht, welchen er ab 1933 begegnete, wahrscheinlicher ist jedoch, dass er einen Gastwirt mit Nazistiefeln persifliert, der in eine burleske Marionette verwandelt wurde.
Good condition
There are a number of fold marks on the paper, probably due to the process of creating the work:
-one crossing the bottom of the ear (approx. 6 cm),
-one at the base of the nose (approx. 2.5 cm),
-one on the lower jaw (approx. 3 cm),
-another on the mouth (approx. 2.5 cm)
-2 in the dark in the bottom right-hand corner
2 tears in the centre of the top edge (each approx. 1 cm) and a crease mark in each corner
Rippling of the paper at the left edge, between the ear and the shoulder
In the extreme left border at the shoulder: a fold mark with a small gap. 1 cm below: second small, barely visible gap.
On the extreme edge of the lower right corner: very slight abrasion (not very visible).
The rippling in the lower left-hand border and the 2 tears in the upper border suggest that the leaf is only held together at the edges. However, to avoid any damage to the work, it has not been cropped (see photos).
Paul Klee (1879-1940)
The year 1933 was marked by Adolf Hitler's accession to the Reich Chancellorship in January. This was a dramatic event for Klee, who abhorred Hitler. He was violently attacked by the National Socialists, his home was searched, he was dismissed from his teaching post at the Academy of Fine Arts in Düsseldorf and he lost all his sources of income after Alfred Flechtheim, his main gallery owner, was forced to close his gallery under Nazi pressure. The Nazis described the works on sale as "degenerate art". Having grown up in Bern, he decided to go into exile in Switzerland, where his father and sister already lived. He spent more than half his life there.
Particularly offended by the doctrine of the "Aryan type", Klee refused to establish his ancestry. He responded with a number of caricatures, such as "von der Liste gestrichen, 1933" and "dein Ahn", in which he mocked himself as an earthy, primitive figure reminiscent of an African mask, claiming the "foreign" origin of his degenerate art.
The present portrait, entitled Marionnette: L'aubergiste (Der Wirt, translated on the back as the Inn Keeper), was created in this critical, anti-establishment frame of mind. Interpretation of the figure depicted is left open. It is conceivable that he is referring crankily to the Nazis, whom he met in 1933, but it is more likely that he is satirising an innkeeper at the mercy of the Nazis, transformed into a burlesque puppet.
See original version (French) Auto-translation. Refer to original language for legal validity.
Pictures credits: Contact organization
Modern and contemporary paintings
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Precious objects, Fabergé, Fine Jewellery and Watches, Paintings, Sculptures and works by Picasso
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